Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Antoine de Bourbon temporarily allied himself with the Protestants but changed sides and was mortally wounded in battle against them. Henry’s mother, Jeanne d’Albret, held firm and announced her Calvinism in 1560. As a Huguenot, Henry was involved in the Wars of Religion before ascending the throne in 1589. Henry IV of France, who ruled from 1589 till his death in 1610, was the first Bourbon monarch to sit on the throne of France. In 1562, the Massacre of Wassy, the event that started the French Religious … With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de Sully, he brought new prosperity to France. The Henri IV Hotel invites you on a journey through literary and artistic Paris in the heart of the historic district of the city of lights. Corrections? Both Henry (1553–1610) and his first wife Margaret of Valois, whom he married in 1572, were r Henry had just turned 13 when his mother brought him back to Béarn. In February 1576, however, he at last succeeded in escaping from the French court, whereupon he recanted and joined the combined forces of Protestants and Catholic rebels against Henry III. Therefore, she was never the queen. Though he was not a great strategist, his courage and gallantry made him a great military leader. a program to restore the kingdom's well-being and the monarchy's authority. Henry was born in Pau in the Kingdom of Navarre, which is in modern-day France. Henry’s mother was the Queen of Navarre — a small, but strategic principality on the Northern end of the border between Spain and France. 1600-08-06 Henry IV of France invades Savoy after negotiations break down over Saluzzo, controlled by Savoy since 1588 1610-05-14 Henry IV of France is assassinated by fanatical Catholic François Ravaillac who stabs him to death in the streets of Paris His descendants are varied and numerous. Jeanne d’Albret took Henry to the new leader of the Protestant forces, Gaspard de Coligny, who gave the young prince his military education. While in the service of Spain, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan led the first European voyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe. https://www.biography.com/royalty/henry-iv. The Huguenots fared badly, and Henry, evaluating the situation, was able to persuade his coreligionists to give up the struggle and accept the Treaty of Bergerac on Sept. 17, 1577, despite the sacrifices it imposed on them. set sail to France in 1415, just two years after his coronation. A statue of him was built in his honor at the Pont Neuf in 1614, only four years after his death. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. Henry IV of France King of France. Henry distinguished himself at the Battle of Arnay-le-Duc on June 26, 1570, when he led the first charge of the Huguenot cavalry. His father, King Francis I, also known as … Henry de Bourbon-Navarre was the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke de Vendôme, and Jeanne d’Albret, queen of Navarre from 1555. In the year, 1598, Henry puts the Edict of … The founder of the Bourbon dynasty, Henry IV, who ruled France from 1589 to 1610, is the most romantic of French kings. He fought the Catholics for 4 years until he converted to Catholicism to end the fighting. Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. The first of the Bourbon kings of France, Henry IV brought unity and prosperity to the country after the ruinous 16th-century Wars of Religion. Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. Mary died in 1394, much before Henry IV came to the throne. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃ʁiˈkatʁ]), also known by the epithet "Good King Henry", was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. Formerly known as Henri of Navarre, he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois, at the death of Henry III of France. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Ordered by his brother-in-law Charles IX to abjure his Protestant faith, Henry yielded. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. His parents were Queen Jeanne III and King Antoine of Navarre. The Henri IV Hotel offers you a warm welcome and encourages you to explore the banks of the Seine bordered by the Hôtel de la Monnaie, the French Institute, Notre Dame de Paris and all the places mentioned by Hemingway in "A Moveable Feast.” Henry IV (15 April 1367 – 20 March 1413) was King of England from 1399 to 1413. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. Louis XVII was recognized by royalists as the King of France from 1793, when he was 8, until his death in 1795. Henry IV (1553 – 1610) was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. After Henry of Navarre became King Henry IV of France, he issued an edict in 1607, that established the head of the French state and the Bishop of Urgell as Co-Princes of Andorra. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. The religious crisis between Roman Catholic and Protestant (Huguenot) forces was then coming to a head, leading to a long period of civil war. Eventually, Spanish interference with French succession prompted Henry III to join forces with Henry of Navarre to take control of Paris and the French countryside. He was opposed by the Holy League, made up of Catholic aristocrats, and Pope Clement VIII, who excommunicated the French heir from the church. But once he took power in 1589, he was in a situation where France was in war. Henry IV, king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. It was scarcely to be expected, however, that he would one day succeed to the throne of France, since Catherine de Médicis had already borne three sons to the reigning king, Henry II, and would soon bear him a fourth. Henry V is a 1989 British historical drama film adapted for the screen and directed by Kenneth Branagh, based on William Shakespeare's play of the same name about King Henry V of England.The film stars Branagh in the title role with Paul Scofield, Derek Jacobi, Ian Holm, Emma Thompson, Alec McCowen, Judi Dench, Robbie Coltrane, Brian Blessed, and Christian Bale in supporting roles. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was stabbed to death by a Catholic fanatic on May 14, 1610, and subsequently buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris. Henry IV is considered one of the greatest kings of France and was instrumental in ending the French Wars Of Religion . Updates? Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. On August 18, 1572, he and Margaret were married in Paris, but on August 24 came the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, in which thousands of French Protestants were massacred by royal forces. Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses - Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses played a significant role in the politics of his reign. He also became notorious for his sexual exploits, taking on many lovers and earning the nickname "Le Vert Gallant" (The Gay Old Spark). Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. Henry was born in a time of turmoil. In the autumn of 1567, he served as nominal head of a punitive expedition launched against the rebellious Roman Catholic gentry of lower Navarre, which ended in an easy victory. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Pope Clement reversed Henry's excommunication and Henry brokered the Peace of Vervins between France and Spain on May 2, 1598. Omissions? Henry III was stabbed on August 1, 1589, and died the next day after declaring Henry of Navarre his successor. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. Henry IV of France was born in 1553 and died in 1610. Henry fought on the side of the Huguenots during the Wars of Religion and became the King of Navarre after his mother’s death. Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He asserted the claim of his grandfather King Edward III, a maternal grandson of Philip IV of France, to the Kingdom of France.Henry was the first English ruler since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue was English rather than French. Considered a usurper by Catholics and a traitor by Protestants, his charm and genuine care for the people's needs could not mollify his enemies. He was killed on May 14, 1610, in Paris, France. Once free, he displayed his sharp intellect and political acumen in his role as protector of the Protestant churches. Andorra - Wikipedia The images of Napoleon and his eagle were removed and replaced by the image of King Henry IV, the popular first king of the Bourbon line. Heinrich wurde am 13. He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor. Holmes was the alias of one of America's first serial killers. The situation brought about the War of the Three Henrys, pitting Henry against King Henry III of France and the staunchly Catholic Henry, Duke of Guise. Peace was concluded in August 1570, and a very liberal edict was granted the Protestants. During the 1893 Columbian Exposition, he lured victims into his elaborate 'Murder Castle.'. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-France, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Henry IV, Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, duc d’Orléans, duc d’Anjou. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. The couple had six children among which Prince Henry, who later became King Henry V of England, was the eldest surviving son. A Calvinist , he converted to Catholicism to satisfy the wishes of 90% or more of the population of France . Christian Desplat states, "With Henry IV, the king of France was rebaptized as the first soldier of the realm; the function of monarchy had thus returned to its original purpose." H.H. Following the death of his mother in June 1572, Henry became king of Navarre. He converted to Catholicism, and after winning several key battles, Paris finally capitulated on March 22, 1594. The Second Life of Henri IV’s Severed Head Whether it’s lying in the grave or sitting in a Paris bank vault, the monarch’s cranium has been the subject of much debate since his untimely demise Henry IV of France is important because he managed to bring an end to the bloodshed and establish peace. He was part of the Capetian dynasty and … Meanwhile, upon his mother’s death in June 1572, Prince Henry became king of Navarre and sovereign lord of Béarn. Henry then married the Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Crown and Conflict. From 1561 to 1567 he lived with his second cousins, the children of the king of France, among whom was his future wife Margaret. Henry's victories were personal; he was the cause for whom his troops fought. He lowered taxes on French citizens, made peace with the Ottoman Empire and opened up trade routes to East Asia. Henry distinguished himself and the experience forged a soldierly spirit within him. Henry of Navarre acted boldly, defeating the army of Henry III in the crucial Battle of Coutras on Oct 20, 1587. His mother was Queen Joan III and Antoine de Bourbon the Duke of Vendome. Henry IV of France was a famous King of France, who was born on December 13, 1553.As a person born on this date, Henry IV of France is listed in our database as the … Henry of Navarre was born in Pau, France, on December 13, 1553. His father was of the royal house of Bourbon in France. The tension erupted into the full-scale killings of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre on August 24, 1572, and Henry escaped death with the help of his wife and his promise to convert to Catholicism. About the same time, he began his military education. King Henry IV of England married Mary the Bohun in June 1380. He was assassinated in 1610 by François Ravaillac, a fanatical Catholic, and was succeeded by his son Louis … Upon the death of François, Duke of Anjou, in 1584, Henry became heir to the throne of France. His Father Solved It. Henry IV became heir to the French throne through his marriage to Margaret of Valois but was challenged during a time of religious strife. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Henry became King Henry IV, but it would take a nine-year siege of Paris to secure his crown from the influence of the Holy League and Spanish interference. However, the spread of civil war made him reflect on its disastrous effect on France. In a macabre postscript, the head of Henry IV's embalmed body was reportedly lost after revolutionaries ransacked the Basilica in 1793. Having united the kingdom and attained peace at home and abroad, Henry IV proceeded to bring prosperity back to France. Henry, through his father, was in the sole legitimate line of descent from the Capetian kings of France. Desc: Henry IV, also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. At age 14, Prince Henry began his military service in an expedition against rebellious Roman Catholics in Navarre, which ended in a victory for the Huguenots. However, that conclusion was cast into doubt a few years later, when DNA tests revealed the head had no royal genetic match. The long campaign through the ravaged provinces, extending from Poitou to the heart of Burgundy, forged in him the soldierly spirit that he would retain throughout his life and made him reflect on the disaster that had befallen the kingdom. Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age by Vincent J. Pitts unfolds chronologically towards the assassination of Henri IV in 1610 to emphasise it as key moment in the development of the French monarchy, as well the reigns importance in the transition from the Valois to the Bourbon dynasty. The marriage was publicly styled the “scarlet nuptials” because of the bloodshed. Although Henry was baptized a Catholic, he was raised a Protestant following the death of his father in 1562. The head was passed among private collectors until it was tracked down in 2010 when a team of forensic medical examiners confirmed that it belonged to the former French king. In order to strengthen the peace, a marriage was arranged between Prince Henry and Margaret of Valois of the French royal house. It was between catholicism and henry's religion, huguenotism. French philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a highly influential political thinker during the Age of Enlightenment. She was also a staunch advocate for women's rights. An arranged marriage to Margaret of Valois, daughter of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, brought Parisian Catholics and visiting Huguenots together in an uneasy standoff. His common sense—one of his outstanding traits, except in love affairs—manifested itself when civil war broke out anew at the end of 1576. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. His conversion to Roman Catholicism was obviously of dubious sincerity, and he was therefore held for three-and-a-half years at the courts of Charles IX and then Henry III.  Henry was a Huguenot. Dezember 1553 (nach einigen Quellen am 14. Around that time, Henry also issued the Edict of Nantes, which confirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion but granted religious freedom to Protestants. Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France. Next year, France will hold a national Mass and funeral for Henry IV. the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme and Queen Jeanne III of Navarre. In 1568 his mother put him into the charge of her brother-in-law Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, who was the leader of the Protestant forces. Despite his accomplishments, Henry IV endured multiple assassination attempts. His parents, who became king and queen of Navarre shortly after Henry was born, were of different faiths and exemplified the strife in France between the Huguenots (Protestants) and Catholics. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. The Protestants were surprised and defeated near Jarnac on March 13, 1569, by the Duke d’Anjou, the future Henry III, and Condé was killed. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Als Wiege fungierte der Panzer einer Meeresschildkröte, der noch heute existiert. At a crucial age in his intellectual development, he was brought up in the strict principles of Protestantism. Many persons, including Catherine de Médicis, hoped the civil war had come to an end. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de Sully, he Henri IV, dit « le Grand », né sous le nom d'Henri de Bourbon le 13 décembre 1553 à Pau et mort assassiné le 14 mai 1610 à Paris, est roi de Navarre à partir du 9 juin 1572 sous le nom d' Henri III [a], et roi de France sous le nom d'Henri IV du 2 août 1589 à sa mort en 1610. Careful to restrain his impatience, he hid his forceful personality from his detainers. Despite converting to Catholicism after becoming king of France in 1589, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes to foster religious tolerance. Prince Henry spent most of his early childhood in Béarn. Prior to that, he was known as Henry III of … Dezember) in Schloss Pau in den südwestfranzösischen Pyrenäen – an der Grenze zur französischen Region Béarn – als zweiter Sohn des katholischen Herzogs von Vendôme, Anton von Bourbon, und der protestantischen Königin von Navarra, Johanna von Albret, geboren, weswegen er auch Henri le Béarnais genannt wurde. His Dad Had Enemies.
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